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TREATMENTS


After testing is complete, doctors devise a strategy for each couple to increase fertility. The optimum treatment is one that allows existing natural processes to take place. Sometimes, very small adjustments in sexual frequency and timing may result in pregnancy. Patients are taught to identify the woman's most fertile times so that intercourse can take place. Practices that temporarily result in lowered sperm counts or abnormally formed sperm, including the use of certain medications, alcohol, marijuana, and hot tubs or saunas—can be curtailed.

If the problem is insufficient sperm, a sperm sample can be concentrated by centrifuging, chemical treatment, or other procedures to be more potent. Following such adjustments, the sperm can be introduced into the woman's body. Lack of ovulation can be treated with hormones and medicines to produce "superovulation," which can be followed by normal intercourse, artificial insemination or other ways of bring sperm and egg together.

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Once thought radical and futuristic but now considered quite routine, the best-known medical treatment for infertility is “In vitro fertilization”. "In vitro" means "in glass," and it involves the mixing of sperm and egg in the laboratory, outside the human body. After fertilization takes place, the zygote (fertilized egg) may be surgically placed in the woman's fallopian tube. Alternatively, it may be allowed to develop further outside the body and then be introduced into the uterus in an effort to establish a pregnancy.

One of the most recent developments in ART (assisted reproductive technology) is Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, (ICSI). This microsurgical procedure involves injecting a single sperm into an egg, allowing men with extremely low sperm counts to become fathers. Further advances in ART are expected from the quickly evolving fields of genetics, imaging, and biotechnology.